BRICK TYPES OF BRICKS TESTTING OF BRICKS MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS

BRICK -TYPES OF BRICKS- TESTTING OF BRICKS- MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS

BRICKS

BRICK

Brick is the most common building material used to construct buildings. 

Types of Brick

a) Modular Brick

b) Traditional Brick

BRICK

According to Indian standard, the standard size of modular brick is 190mm x 90mm x 90 mm (19cm x 9 cm x 9 cm) (Actual size). But the nominal size of the modular Brick consists of the thickness of cement mortar also.

Generally, the thickness of cement mortar 10mm (1cm) and hence the nominal size A modular brick includes cement paste thickness Accordingly, the brick is 200 mm x 100mm x 100 mm (20 cm x 10 cm x 10cm). The size of traditional brick is not constant, it is variable from place to place. 

Brick Composition

a) Clay (Alumina) (about 20-30%)
 
b) Silica (about 50%)
 
c) Lime (+5%)
 
d) Iron Oxide (Hematik) (about 2%)
 
e) Magnesia (about 1-2%).
 
Excess Clay in brick (about 50%.) causes Shrinkage, cracks, warping (twisting) and too hard characteristics

 
Excess Silica causes Brittleness brick. 

English Bond is the strongest brick bond where Cement morker requirement is less and brickbats are not used. (Bat - Brick cut along with breadthwise) In English Bond, Queen closures must be used for every header layers. 
 

TYPES OF BOND

Flemish bond is mainly used for plastering appearance where more brickbats are used for thicker walls. It requires more cement paste and skilled labour. Flemish bond consists of Stretcher and header alternatively in each course.for more info visit

Manufacturing process of Bricks

a) Unsoiling
b) Digging
c) Weathering (Adding sand).
d) Blending
e) Tempering
f) Moulding
g) Drying
h) Burning
 
The temperature of burning or fixing of the brick in the kiln shall be in a range of
800-1100°C (1000 °C) Hardening of brick during burning is called Vitrification, where the temperature is about 1000°c.

manufacturing process of bricks

Composition of good brick earth:

Alumina:

It is the major (chief) constituent of clay ( good brick earth) which shall be in proportion of 20-30%. The clay consists of a hydrated silicate of alumina (chemical of clay). The presence of alumina provides plasticity. the good brick earth so that it can be moulded easily in desired shape.

 If the presence alumina is more, then it develops effects like Shrinking, cracking and Warping. These defects occur only when the contents of Silica is low. Excess alumina makes brick too hard after burning.

Silica :

The proportion of silica in good brick earth should be 50 to 60%. It prevents shrinking, cracking and warping of the brick. It fuses in the presence of Lime and Iron Oxide to form the Strength of the brick. If silica is higher in quantity then the brick becomes brittle.

 Lime :

The proportion of lime should not exceed 5%. The presence of lime in a small quantity behaves like * Flux, where the silica. fuses develop the strength of the brick after burning. * If excess lime is used then the brick gets damaged in future due to swelling.

 Iron oxide :

Its proportion or composition should be in a range of 5 to 6% The silica fuses in presence of Iron oxide behaving like Flux. It is only responsible for the reddish colour of the brick.

Magnesia(MgO):

 The composition should be less than <1%. It provides yellow tint colour. Excess  magnesia is responsible for the decay of the brick

Harmful constituents or Objectionable Matter:

a) Vegetative matter
b) Organic matter
c) Pebbles (Gravels)
d) Fron pyrite
e) Limestone
f) Excess Lime
g) Alkali 

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