what is water cement ratio ?|water cement ratio in concrete|water cement ratio formula
what is water cement ratio ?|water cement ratio in concrete|water cement ratio formula
water-cement ratio
Water Cement Ratio is the ratio between the weight of water to the weight of cement used in the concrete mix.
Normally water cement ratio range between 0.4 to 0.6 as per IS Code 10262 (2009) for nominal mix (M10, M15 …. M25)
We all know that the water-cement ratio will directly affect the strength of concrete. Either it increases the strength if used in correct proportion or decrease it.
What is the Role of Water in Concrete?
concrete is collectively a macro content. but It contains micro-ingredients such as cement, sand, fine aggregate and Coarse aggregate. In order to acquire high strength concrete that withstands up to our desired compressive strength, We need the correct proportion of admixture to combine these materials.
We all knows that Water will initiate this chemical process by adding 23%-25% of the cement volume. This initiates the chemical process and makes 15% of water-cement paste also known as a gel to fill the voids in the concrete.
Effects of too much water in concrete
Adding more water than the above mentioned will actually affect the strength.
If we keep on adding water to increase the workability then the concrete has lots of fluid materials where the aggregates will settle down. Once the water evaporated it leaves lots of voids in concrete which affects the concrete strength.
To achieve more strength & get the flow of concrete we are using plasticisers & superplasticizers which will increase the workability without affecting the W/C Ratio.
How to calculate Water Cement Ratio?
Water cement ratio is selected from various workability tests based on the structural members, concrete strength, transportation, selection of aggregation
Water Cement Ratio As per IS code 456 & 10262
Calculation of Water Quantity for Concrete
As per The above-mentioned image, the W/C Ratio range from 0.4 to 0.7 depending on Environmental exposure conditions.
If we need to calculate Water quantity for concrete, first we have to find the cement content for the volume.
If we Assume the required cement volume as 50kg, (say 1 bag)
The required amount of water = W/C Ratio X Cement Volume
Therefore, Required amount of water = 0.5 X 50 kg = 25 litres / 50 kg cement bag.
For Design mix, the W/C Ratio will depend upon the workability and strength requirements.
In IS 10262-2009 ANNEX A. they have explained the process for design mix.
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