ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN BOOK BY P.C. VARGHESE BOOK DOWNLOADS
ADVANCED CONCRETE DESIGN BOOK BY P.C. VARGHESE BOOK DOWNLOADS
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short description about the book.
It is not desirable to have buildings with large slenderness ratio, just like it is not good to have buildings with large projecting arms and large plan aspect ratio. During earthquake shaking, buildings sway laterally and excessive lateral displacement is not desirable. Large lateral displacements cause significant non-structural damage, structural damage and even second order P-Δ effects that lead to collapse of buildings. Design codes recommend that inter-storey drift under design earthquake forces be restricted to 0.4 percent of storey height. Seven moment-resisting frame buildings are considered of the same 3 bays by 4 (12m×16m) plan (Figure 3.2), but of 2, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20 and 25 storeys.
The beams and columns are designed for gravity and lateral loads. The column sizes in the buildings are 400×400 in 2 and 5 storey buildings, 600×600 in 8 and 10 storey buildings, and 800×800 in 15, 20 and 25 storey buildings. The variation of roof displacement with respect to slenderness ratio (H/L and H/B) in the two directions is shown in Figure 3.26. Roof displacement increases with increase in slenderness ratio; special lateral load resisting systems (e.g., shear wall, bracings, tubes) should be used to control the drift.
(a) Moment Frame Systems Moment frames consist of a grid of vertical (i.e., columns) and horizontal (i.e., beams)members (Figure 3.29a). They resist lateral loads through axial forces, bending moment and shear force generated in both beams and columns (Figure 3.30). Beam and column sections should be designed as under-reinforced sections, and thereby, can be expected to undergo ductile behaviour; brittle shear failure must be prevented through capacity design procedures. While deciding the structural configuration of the building, predominant flexural behaviour in beams and columns should be facilitated. This can be achieved by using relatively long frame members; short beams and columns attract large forces and are susceptible to fail in a brittle manner.
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